Enhanced node B and method for precoding with reduced quantization error

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of an enhanced Node B (eNB) and method for precoding with reduced quantization error are generally described herein. In some embodiments, first and second precoding-matrix indicator (PMI) reports may be received on an uplink channel and a single subband precoder matrix may be interpolated from precoding matrices indicated by both the PMI reports. Symbols for multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) beamforming may be precoded using the interpolated precoder matrix computed for single subband for a multiple user (MU)-MIMO downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission. In some embodiments, each of the first and second PMI reports includes a PMI associated with a same subband that jointly describes a recommended precoder.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/075,320, filed on Mar. 30, 2011, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,644,289, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/410,740, filed Nov. 5, 2010 (reference number P36657Z), all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments pertain to wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to codebook interpolation to reduce quantization error for closed-loop multi-user multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO). Some embodiments relate to codebook interpolation for the various reporting modes of the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) of the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), known as the Long Term Evolution and referred to as LTE.

Some embodiments relate to codebook interpolation for the LTE PUCCH configured for reporting mode 2-1 extension, and other embodiments relate to codebook interpolation for the PUSCH configured for reporting modes 3-1 and 3-2 of LTE release 10 (known as LTE advanced).

BACKGROUND

Fourth-Generation (4G) communication systems, such as LTE networks, use closed-loop beamforming techniques to improve throughput. In these systems, a receiver feeds back, among other things, precoding information, to a transmitter that recommends a precoder for use in transmitting beamformed signals back to the receiver. Since the selection of precoders is limited to particular codebooks, the recommended precoder may not be ideal based on the current channel conditions. MU-MIMO transmissions are particularly sensitive to this quantization error for a given codebook. Although this quantization error may be reduced through the use of a larger codebook, recommending a precoder associated with a larger codebook would require significant additional feedback as well as defining a larger codebook.

Thus, what are needed are systems and methods for precoding that reduce quantization error without the use of larger codebook. What are also needed are systems and methods for precoding that reduce quantization error suitable for MU-MIMO in LTE networks.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of enhanced node-B (eNB) in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of user equipment (UE) in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) vectors associated with precoding matrices in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a procedure for generating and reporting first and second precoding matrix indicators (PMIs) in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of transmissions on the PUCCH configured for reporting mode 2-1 extension in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 6A through 6G illustrate examples of transmissions on the PUCCH configured for reporting mode 3-1 in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of enhanced node-B (eNB) in accordance with some embodiments. The eNB 102 may be configured to receive first and second precoding-matrix indicator (PMI) reports 103 on an uplink channel from user equipment (UE), and compute a single subband precoder matrix (W₂) 105 from both the PMI reports 103. The eNB 102 may also be configured to precode symbols for MIMO beamforming using the computed single subband precoder matrix 105 for downlink transmission to the UE within a subband. Each of the first and second PMI reports 103 includes a PMI associated with a same subband (SB). The first PMI report may include a first subband PMI and the second PMI report may include a second subband PMI. In these embodiments, the use of two PMIs associated with the same subband may help reduce quantization error without having to define a new codebook. These embodiments are described in more detail below.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the eNB 102 may include, among other things, a precoder matrix interpolator 104 to generate an interpolated precoding matrix corresponding to the single subband precoder matrix 105 computed from the PMIs in both the PMI reports 103. The eNB 102 may also include physical layer (PHY) circuitry 106 to precode symbols for beamforming for the downlink transmission 107. The eNB 102 may also include two or more antennas 101 for MIMO as well as MU-MIMO communications. In some embodiments, the MIMO transmission may be transmission on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of user equipment (UE) in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 202 may include a PMI generator 204 configured to select the first and second PMIs based on channel conditions within a particular subband, and physical-layer circuitry (PHY) 206 to transmit the PMI reports 103 (FIG. 1) to the eNB 102 (FIG. 1). Each PMI in the PMI reports 103 may be associated with a precoder matrix. The UE 202 may also include two or more antennas 201 for MIMO communications as well as for the receipt of MU-MIMO communications.

In accordance with some embodiments, the second subband PMI is selected by the UE 202 after selecting the first subband PMI by searching candidate precoder matrices that, when combined with a precoder matrix indicated by the first subband PMI, result in a more accurate precoder for the subband. In other words, the use of the computed single subband precoder matrix 105 by the eNB 102 results in a more accurate precoder for the subband than the precoder resulting from use of precoder matrix indicated by the first subband PMI by itself. In some embodiments, the UE may generate candidate single interpolated subband precoder matrices by combining the first precoder matrix with candidate second precoder matrixes to identify a selected second precoder matrix that when combined with the first precoder matrix results in a single interpolated subband precoder matrix that provides a maximum reduction in quantization error when used by the eNB 102 for precoding transmissions to the UE.

A subband may be one resource block (RB) that comprises a set of subcarriers (e.g., twelve subcarriers), although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI may both be selected by the UE 202 from a table depending on the transmission rank.

In some embodiments, the UE 202 selects a first precoder matrix for the first subband PMI from a set of precoder matrices defined by a codebook to maximize throughput based on a channel transfer function associated with the subband. The UE 202 selects a second precoder matrix for the second subband PMI so that the interpolated precoder matrix computed from both the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI reduces quantization error that would result from use of the precoder matrix indicated by the first subband PMI alone.

In these embodiments, single subband precoder matrix that is computed from both the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI is a recommended precoding matrix (i.e., recommended by the UE 202 to the eNB 102). Although the precoder matrix indicated by the first subband PMI may be selected to maximize throughput, the use of this precoder matrix may result in a quantization error that may be large depending on the differences between an optimum precoder and the precoder associated with the first subband PMI.

FIG. 3 illustrates Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) vectors associated with precoding matrices in accordance with some embodiments. As illustrated in FIG. 3, DFT vector 306 may be associated with an optimum precoder for the subband and DFT vector 302 may be associated with the precoder associated with the first subband PMI (W₂). The difference between DFT vectors 302 and 306 may correspond to the quantization error that would result without the use of the second subband PMI. DFT vector 304 may be associated with the second subband PMI, and DFT vector 308 may be associated with the interpolated single subband precoder matrix computed from both the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI. As a result, the quantization error may be reduced to the difference between DFT vectors 306 and 308, resulting in reduced quantization error 305.

In some embodiments, the first PMI report includes a subband PMI, and the second PMI report includes a subband differential PMI. The subband PMI may be an index corresponding to a recommended precoder based on channel characteristics of the subband. The subband differential PMI may be an index to indicate a difference between the recommended precoder and channel characteristics of the subband. In these embodiments, the subband differential PMI may be based on a quantization error related to a difference between a DFT vector associated with the subband PMI and channel characteristics of the subband.

In some embodiments, the first PMI report includes a first subband PMI and the second PMI report includes a second subband PMI. The first and second subband PMIs may be selected by the UE 202 to jointly describe the same subband of the channel. The first subband PMI and the second subband PMI correspond to precoding matrices selected by the UE 202 from a same codebook.

In some embodiments, the first and second PMI reports 103 are received from the UE 202 by the eNB 102 on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) within either a same subband-report subframe or a different subband-report subframe. In these embodiments, the PUCCH may be configured in accordance with 3GPP TS 36.213 V10.0 (referred to as LTE release 10). Depending on the PUCCH format being used, the first and second PMI reports 103 may be received in the same subband-report subframe or a different subband-report subframe. In some other embodiments, the first and second PMI reports 103 may be received on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

In some embodiments, the first PMI report may be a wideband PMI report and the second PMI report is a subband PMI report. In these embodiments, the wideband PMI report and the subband PMI report may correspond to the wideband PMI report and the subband PMI report as defined in LTE release 10; however, both the wideband PMI report and the subband PMI report in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention include a PMI describing the same subband. In these embodiments, both of the PMIs relate to the same subband and may be used by the eNB 102 to determine an interpolated precoder matrix for a single subband.

In some embodiments, the codebook used by the UE 202 for selecting both the first and second subband PMIs is a four transmit (4TX) antenna codebook, and the first and second PMI reports 103 are reported in accordance with an eight transmit (8TX) antenna reporting mode (e.g., for PUCCH 2-1). In these embodiments, the 4TX codebook may be the 4TX codebook of LTE release 8 and the first and second PMI reports 103 may be reported in accordance with the 8TX codebook of LTE release 10 on the PUCCH in format 2-1 (i.e., PUCCH 2-1).

In some embodiments, the single subband precoder matrix (i.e., the interpolated precoding matrix) may be computed by performing an interpolation on corresponding vectors of precoder matrices indicated by the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI. The interpolation may include weighting and combining the corresponding vectors of the precoder matrices to generate an interpolated precoding matrix.

In some embodiments, the precoder matrices indicated by the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI are weighted equally. In other embodiments, the precoder matrices indicated by the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI may be weighted different. The interpolation procedure and the weighting may be predetermined and known by both the UE 202 and the eNB 102. In some embodiments, the weighting may be indicated by the UE 202 and reported along with the first and second PMI reports 103.

In some embodiments, the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI correspond to precoding matrices selected from the same codebook. The codebook may consist of a number of DFT vectors and a number of non-DFT vectors, such as those illustrated in FIG. 3. When both the first and second PMIs indicate DFT vectors, the DFT phase of the interpolated precoding matrix is generated from a weighted average of the DFT phases of the DFT vectors. On the other hand, when either the first or the second PMI does not indicate a DFT vector, each element of the vectors of the interpolated precoding matrix is generated from a weighted average of phases of corresponding elements of the DFT vectors.

In these embodiments, when both the first and second PMIs indicate DFT vectors, vectors of the interpolated precoding matrix may comprise DFT vectors. When either the first and second PMIs do not indicate a DFT vector, the vectors of the interpolated precoding matrix are not necessarily DFT vectors.

In these embodiments, when both the first and second PMIs indicate DFT vectors, each DFT vector can be uniquely defined by one phase. The phase of the interpolated DFT vector is a weighted average of the two phases of the two DFT vectors indicated by the first and second subband PMIs.

On the other hand, for a transmission of rank one, if any precoder vector associated with the first and second PMIs is not a DFT vector, then each element of the interpolated precoder is generated from a weighted average of the phases of the same element of both precoders. When both of the PMIs do not indicate DFT vectors (i.e., either PMI may indicate a non-DFT vector), each element of the interpolated precoder will be a weighted average of the phases of the same element of both precoding matrices (i.e., the precoding matrices indicated by the first and second subband PMIs).

For a transmission of rank two, the first column of the interpolated precoder will be interpolated using the first column of two precoders. The second column of the interpolated precoder is partially interpolated from the second column of the two precoders and partially calculated to ensure the two columns of the interpolated precoder are orthogonal to each other. A transmission of rank two may be a two-layer transmission on two antenna ports. A transmission of rank two may use a precoding matrix having two precoding vectors. A transmission of rank one, on the other hand, may be a single layer transmission on a single antenna port and may use a precoding matrix having a single precoding vector. These embodiments are discussed in more detail below.

In some embodiments, the precoding performed by the eNB 102 may comprise multiplying symbols by the interpolated precoding matrix (i.e., the single subband precoder matrix 105) to generate an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission. In MU-MIMO embodiments, the OFDMA transmission may be precoded for transmission to a plurality of UEs using the computed single subband precoder matrix generated by interpolation for each UE. In these embodiments, each UE may recommend an interpolated precoder matrix with first and second PMI reports that relate to a single subband.

Although embodiments are described herein in which the UE 202 generates the first and second PMI reports 103 for transmission to the eNB 102 to allow the eNB 102 to precode signals for transmission, the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In other embodiments, the eNB 102 may generate first and second PMI reports 103 for transmission to the UE 202 to allow the UE 202 to precode signals for transmission to the eNB 102.

In some embodiments in which the PUSCH is configured for reporting mode 3-2 (PUSCH 3-2), two PMI reports may be provided for every two consecutive subbands of a plurality of N subbands. In these embodiments, a single precoding matrix for each subband may be generated by interpolating the precoding matrices indicated by the two PMIs for each subband. In some of these PUSCH 3-2 embodiments, one wideband PMI may be provided for every N subbands and one subband PMI may be provided for each subband. The single precoding matrix may be computed for each subband based on the wideband PMI and the subband PMI for the associated subband. Various PUSCH 3-2 embodiments are discussed in more detail below.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a procedure for generating and reporting first and second PMIs in accordance with some embodiments. Procedure 400 may be performed by a receiver (e.g., UE 202 (FIG. 2)) that is configured to generate first and second PMIs 103 (FIG. 1) for transmission to a transmitter (e.g., eNB 102 (FIG. 1)).

In operation 402, a first codebook search may be performed based on channel information for the subband 403. The codebook search may result in a first precoding matrix that maximizes throughput.

In operation 404, a second codebook search may be performed based on the first precoding matrix selected in operation 402 to identify a second precoding matrix. The second codebook search may use the same codebook as the first codebook search and may select vectors with minimal chordal distances.

In operation 406, an interpolated precoding matrix is generated from the first and second precoding matrices. The interpolated precoding matrix is tested to determine if channelization error is reduced, compared with use of the precoding matrix associated with the first precoding matrix.

Operation 408 determines if the channelization error is reduced. When the channelization error is reduced, operation 410 is performed. When the channelization error is not reduced, operations 406 and 408 are repeated to identify a different second precoding matrix.

In operation 410, the second precoding matrix is selected.

In operation 412, first and second PMIs 103 associated respectfully with the first and second precoding matrices, along with a subband channel quality indicator (CQI) for the subband and a rank indicator (RI) (indicating the transmission rank) are fed back to the transmitter (e.g., the eNB 102).

In some embodiments, the codebook search of operations 402 and 404 for two W₂ PMIs can be very similar to that of one W₂ PMI in LTE release 8. In these embodiments, the UE 202 may first search for the best W₂ PMI i as the best precoding vector within the original 4Tx LTE release 8 codebook. After i is decided, the UE 202 may search j only in the matrices having minimum chordal distance with matrix i and test if the interpolated matrix will result in higher codebook search metrics. For example in FIG. 3, the best W₂ PMI i is DFT vector 302 (vector 1) after searching the LTE release 8 codebook. And after fixing i=1, the UE 202 may search two candidates of j (i.e., DFT vectors 304 (vector 4) and DFT vector 307 (vector 5)) and determine which of the resulting interpolated precoders for j=4 and j=5 will provide better metrics than DFT vector 302 alone. In this example, the UE 202 may determine that DFT vector 304 (j=4) will provide a better precoder than DFT vector 302 (i=1) alone. In this example, the UE 202 may feed back the first and second PMI reports 103 indicating W₂ PMI i=1 and W₂ PMI j=4. The subband CQI may be calculated conditioned on the interpolated precoder from W₂ PMI i=1 and W₂ PMI j=4.

In some embodiments, the interpolated precoder may be calculated as follows:

The first W₂ PMI may be i and the second W₂ PMI may be represented by j, then the precoder for PMI i and j are v_(i) and v_(j) respectively. For rank one, both v_(i) and v_(j) are 4×1 vectors. In the case when i equals to j, then the recommended W₂ precoder is v_(i).

If both v_(i) and v_(j) are DFT vectors and i≠j, e.g. v_(i)=0.5[1 e^(jθ) ^(i) e^(j2θ) ^(i) e^(j3θ) ^(i]) ^(T) and v_(j)=0.5[1 e^(jθ) ^(j) e^(j2θ) ^(j) e^(j3θ) ^(j]) ^(T), then the recommended W₂ precoder is v_(W) ₂ =0.5[1 e^(j(θ) ^(i) ^(+θ) ^(j) ^()/2) e^(j(θ) ^(i) ^(+θ) ^(j) ⁾ e^(j3(θ) ^(i) ^(+θ) ^(j) ^()/2)]^(T).

If any of the two precoding vectors are non-DFT vectors, e.g. v_(i)=0.5[1 e^(jα) ¹ e^(jα) ² e^(jα) ³ ]^(T) and v_(j)=0.5[1 e^(jβ) ¹ e^(jβ) ² e^(jβ) ³ ]^(T), then the recommended W₂ precoder is

$v_{w_{2}} = {{0.5\begin{bmatrix} 1 & {\mathbb{e}}^{j\frac{({\alpha_{1} + \beta_{1}})}{2}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{j\frac{({\alpha_{2} + \beta_{2}})}{2}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{j\frac{({\alpha_{3} + \beta_{3}})}{2}} \end{bmatrix}}^{T}.}$

In accordance with some embodiments at least for rank one, an additional wideband rank one PMI may be used to report a second-best PMI, and the wideband precoder may be interpolated from two wideband PMI as described above. The subband CQI may be conditioned on the wideband precoder interpolated by both wideband rank one PMI.

Table 1 shows some example system level throughput gains for the PUSCH in extended reporting mode 3-1 with two wideband PMIs compared with the PUSCH mode 3-1. In these embodiments, the CQI calculation may be the same as described in LTE release 8.

TABLE 1 Mode 3-1 extension with two WB PMI compared with Mode 3-1 high angular spread Tx |||| Rx || Tx XX Rx+ Tx X X Rx+ Cell SE gain 8.6% 2.8% 1.6% %5 SE gain  16% 6.5% −2.6%

Unlike PUSCH 3-1, PUSCH 3-2 transmissions may feedback one subband PMI per subband, allowing PUSCH 3-2 to address channels with greater delay spread. One issue is that PUSCH 3-2 may not provide enough throughput gain over PUSCH 3-1, particularly for a spatial-channel model (SCM) in an urban-macro-cell environment. Table 2 illustrates a comparison between PUSCH 3-1 and PUSCH 3-2.

TABLE 2 PUSCH Mode 3-2 compared with Mode 3-1 high angular spread Tx |||| Rx || Tx XX Rx+ Tx X X Rx+ Cell SE gain    1% 2.8% 3.5% %5 SE gain −0.2% 5.3% −0.1%

In accordance with some embodiments, for every two consecutive subbands, two PMIs may be reported for two consecutive subbands and the precoders of two consecutive subbands may be interpolated from the two reported PMIs. The CQI calculation may be conditioned on the interpolated precoder. The overall signalling may be the same as the straight forward PUSCH 3-2.

Table 3 shows the throughput gain for these embodiments compared with the straight forward PUSCH 3-2.

TABLE 3 PUSCH Mode 3-2 extension with two PMIs for two subbands compared with PUSCH Mode 3-2 high angular spread Tx |||| Rx || Tx XX Rx+ Tx X X Rx+ Cell SE gain  9% 3.5% 0.2% %5 SE gain 7.8% 0.9%  14%

As can be seen from table 3, compared with straight forward PUSCH 3-2, sending two PMIs for two subbands and using an interpolated precoder to calculate the CQI results in a significant throughput gain without an increase in the signaling overhead. For PUSCH 3-2, a reduction in subband PMI overhead may allow a modified PUSCH 3-2 (i.e., with less overhead) to be competitive with PUSCH 3-1.

In some embodiments, to reduce overhead half of subband PMIs may be sent with each subband PMI and may cover two consecutive subbands. Table 4 compares the performance in terms of spectrum efficiency (SE) with one PMI per subband for straight forward PUSCH 3-2.

TABLE 3 high angular spread Tx |||| Rx || Tx XX Rx+ Tx X X Rx+ Cell SE gain −0.3% −0.9% −0.7% %5 SE gain  −3% −0.2% −0.4%

Spectrum efficiency may be described in bits/s/Hz. For example if a one 10 MHz system bandwidth is able to deliver 10M bits in one second, the SE is 1 bit/s/Hz. As illustrated in table 4, sending one PMI for two consecutive subbands results in a marginal reduction in spectrum efficiency compared with one subband PMI per subband. Thus most of the gain in straight forward PUSCH 3-2 is retained.

In some alternate embodiments, one wideband PMI may be sent, and for each subband, a 2-bit differential subband PMI may be sent. The top four precoders having the smallest chordal distance to the wideband PMI may be listed by the 2 bits of the differential subband PMI. The precoder for each subband may be interpolated by the wideband PMI and the subband PMI. Table 5 shows one wideband PMI plus two differential PMIs per subband compared with one subband PMI for two consecutive subbands.

TABLE 5 high angular spread Tx |||| Rx || Tx XX Rx+ Tx X X Rx+ Cell SE gain  8.7%  2.7%  0.1% %5 SE gain −10% −13% −11%

As can be seen from table 5, compared with one subband PMI covering two consecutive subbands, sending one wideband PMI and one differential subband PMI and using precoder interpolation provides significant gains in cell throughput. Thus, extending the PUSCH based on CQI reporting for 4Tx antenna transmissions with precoder interpolation for rank one may provide a significant throughput gain for MU-MIMO transmissions. In accordance with embodiments, for the PUSCH 3-1 extension, one more wideband PMI may be fed back for 4Tx at least for rank one. The subband CQI is calculated conditioned on the interpolated precoder using both wideband PMI.

In accordance with embodiments, for the PUSCH 3-2, for an overhead of one PMI per subband, two PMIs may be used to interpolate the precoder for two consecutive subbands and calculate the CQI for these two subbands accordingly. For an overhead of one PMI every two subbands, one wideband PMI and 2 bits differential PMI per subband may be used to interpolate the precoder for each subband and calculate the CQI for this subband conditioned on the interpolated precoder.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of transmissions on the PUCCH 2-1 in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 5A shows an example of the PUCCH 2-1 in which eight transmit antennas (8Tx) are used at the eNB 102 (FIG. 1). Because the 8Tx codebook in LTE-A release 10 is much larger than 4Tx codebook in LTE release 8, two PMIs may be used to represent one precoder. For rank one, the first index may be 4 bits and the second index may also be 4 bits. The two index codebook structure may result in error propagation because if the first precoding matrix (W₁) is in error, the subsequent precoding matrix using W₂ report would also be in error.

FIG. 5B shows an example of the PUCCH 2-1 in which four transmit (4Tx) antennas are used at the eNB 102. In this example, there is no payload-type identifier (PTI) bit in a 4Tx antenna transmission and thus there is no error propagation from the wideband precoding index to the subband precoder. On the other hand, in case of an 8Tx antenna transmission and a CQI report in accordance with PUCCH 2-1, the PTI bit is sent together with RI. The PTI bit determines the content of reports following the RI/PTI report, so the PTI may be in error.

FIGS. 6A-6G illustrate PMI and CQI reporting associated with the PUCCH 3-2 in accordance with embodiments. FIG. 6A illustrates an example of a PUCCH 3-2 using 8 transmit antennas at the eNB 102 (FIG. 1). Because the 8Tx codebook in LTE-A release 10 is much larger than 4Tx codebook in LTE release 8, two PMIs may be used to represent one precoder. One wideband W₁ PMI may be signaled and one subband W₂ PMI may be signaled for each subband. The subband precoder may be represented by both the wideband W₁ PMI and the subband W₂ PMI. For rank one, the wideband W₁ PMI may be 4 bits and subband W₂ PMI may also be 4 bits.

FIG. 6B illustrates an example of a straight-forward PUCCH 3-2 for 4Tx. Since there is no wideband W₁ PMI for 4Tx, the precoder for each subband may be represented by the subband W₂ PMI alone. For 4Tx, the throughput of each subband may be limited by the residual CSI quantization error from the LTE release 8 codebook. If the channel is less frequency selective, the use of a subband PMI does not improve the throughout significantly compared with the use of a subband PMI on the PUSCH 3-1.

Although the use of a larger codebook may improve throughput significantly, defining a larger codebook may not be feasible in LTE release 10 when the LTE release 8 4Tx codebooks are used. Therefore, embodiments disclosed herein that use using the release 8 codebooks to achieve a higher resolution may be particularly beneficial.

In accordance with these embodiments, a wideband W₂ PMI is signaled for the 4Tx PUSCH 3-2, and both the wide band W₂ PMI report and the subband W₂ PMI report may be used to calculate the precoder for each subband. The subband CQI is calculated according to the interpolated subband precoder. FIG. 6C illustrates the use of one wideband W₂ PMI and one subband W₂ PMI to generate an interpolated subband precoder. In this example the wideband W₂ PMI indicates DFT vector 1 and the subband W₂ PMI indicates DFT vector 4. FIG. 6D illustrates reporting for 4Tx PUSCH 3-2 (i.e., one wideband PMI for all subbands) in accordance with embodiments. From a size perspective, the reporting for 4Tx PUSCH 3-2 is the same as the reporting for the 8Tx report type. FIG. 6E illustrates reporting for 4Tx PUSCH 3-2 in which a subband W₂ PMI is reported for every two subbands along with a wideband W₂ PMI.

Instead of sending one wideband W₂ PMI and sending one subband W₂ PMI for each subband, some alternate embodiments include sending two W₂ PMIs for every two consecutive subbands. In these embodiments, the precoder for these two subbands may be interpolated by these two W₂ PMI reports. An example of this is illustrated in FIG. 6F.

Other alternative embodiments may include sending one wideband W₂ PMI every N subbands and sending one subband W₂ PMI for every subband. In these embodiments, the precoder for each subband may be jointly interpolated from both the wideband W₂ PMI for this subband and the subband W₂ PMI for this subband. An example of this is illustrated in FIG. 6G.

In these embodiments, the subband precoder may be calculated as follows. If the wideband W₂ PMI is represented as i and the subband W₂ PMI is represented as j, then the precoder for PMI i and j are v_(i) and v_(j). For rank one, both v_(i) and v_(j) are 4 by 1 vectors. Note that if j is equal to i, then the recommended subband precoder is v_(i).

If both v_(i) and v_(j) are DFT vectors, which have the forms v_(i)=½[1 e^(jθ) ^(i) e^(j2θ) ^(i) e^(j3θ) ^(i]) ^(T) and v_(j)=½[1 e^(jθ) ^(j) e^(j2θ) ^(j) e^(j3θ) ^(j]) ^(T), then the recommended subband precoder may be computed as

$v_{SB} = {{\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & {\mathbb{e}}^{j\frac{\theta_{i} + {\mu\theta}_{j}}{1 + \mu}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j2}{(\frac{\theta_{i} + {\mu\theta}_{j}}{1 + \mu})}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j3}{(\frac{\theta_{i} + {\mu\theta}_{j}}{1 + \mu})}} \end{bmatrix}}^{T}.}$

When any of the two precoding vectors are non-DFT vectors v_(i)=½[1 e^(jα) ¹ e^(jα) ² e^(jα) ³ ]^(T) and v_(j)=½[1 e^(jβ) ¹ e^(jβ) ² e^(jβ) ³ ]^(T), then the recommended subband precoder may be computed as

$v_{SB} = {\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & {\mathbb{e}}^{j\frac{({\alpha_{1} + {\mu\beta}_{1}})}{1 + \mu}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{j\frac{({\alpha_{2} + {\mu\beta}_{2}})}{1 + \mu}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{j\frac{({\alpha_{3} + {\mu\beta}_{3}})}{1 + \mu}} \end{bmatrix}}^{T}$

In these embodiments, μ is a phase scaling factor and may, for example, be either 1 or ½. The wideband and the subband precoding matrixes may be represented by

$v_{i} = {{{\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\alpha}_{4}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\alpha}_{1}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\alpha}_{5}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\alpha}_{2}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\alpha}_{6}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\alpha}_{3}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\alpha}_{7}} \end{bmatrix}}^{T}\mspace{14mu}{and}\mspace{14mu} v_{j}} = {\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\beta}_{4}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\beta}_{1}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\beta}_{5}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\beta}_{2}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\beta}_{6}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\beta}_{3}} & {\mathbb{e}}^{{j\beta}_{7}} \end{bmatrix}}^{T}}$

The recommended matrix may be computed as

$v_{i} = {\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2\left( {1 + ɛ^{2}} \right)}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & {ɛ\;{\mathbb{e}}^{\frac{j{({\alpha_{4} + {\mu\beta}_{4}})}}{2}}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{\frac{j{({\alpha_{1} + \beta_{1}})}}{2}} & {ɛ\;{\mathbb{e}}^{\frac{j{({\alpha_{5} + {\mu\beta}_{5}})}}{2}}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{\frac{j{({\alpha_{2} + \beta_{2}})}}{2}} & {{- ɛ}\;{\mathbb{e}}^{\frac{j{({\alpha_{2} + \beta_{2} + \alpha_{4} + {\mu\beta}_{4}})}}{2}}} \\ {\mathbb{e}}^{\frac{j{({\alpha_{3} + \beta_{3}})}}{2}} & {{- ɛ}\;{\mathbb{e}}^{\frac{j{({\alpha_{2} + \beta_{2} - \alpha_{1} - \beta_{1} + \alpha_{5} + {\mu\beta}_{5}})}}{2}}} \end{bmatrix}}^{T}$

In these embodiments, ε may be used as a scalar between 0 and 1 for the second layer if the secondary principle Eigen value is considerably smaller than that of the principle Eigen value. In these embodiments, ε may be set to equal 1. In some embodiments, ε may be signaled by eNB 102 (FIG. 1). The signaling can be either cell-specific or UE specific. μ is the phase scaling factor for the second precoder and may have a value between 0 and 1.

In some embodiments, the subband CQI calculation may be conditioned on subband W₂ PMI j. The eNB 102 may adjust the subband precoder and the related subband CQI based on the subband W₂ PMI j and wideband W₂ PMI i in a purely implementation-related manner.

In these embodiments, the codebook search method for wideband W₂ PMI i and the subband W₂ PMI j may be similar to that of the LTE release 8 implementation. In these embodiments, the UE 202 (FIG. 2) may first search for a wideband W₂ PMI i as the best precoding vector within the original 4Tx LTE release 8 codebook in the wide band W₂/CQI report. The UE 202 may then search for a subband W₂ j within the vectors having minimum chordal distance with vector i and test if the interpolated vector results in higher codebook search metrics for the given subband in the subband W₂/CQI report. For example in FIG. 6C, the best wideband W₂ PMI i may be DFT vector 1 after searching the release 8 codebook. And after fixing wideband W₂ PMI i=1, the UE 202 may search three candidates for j which may be DFT vectors 1, 4 and 5. The UE 202 may then test each of the interpolated subband precoders (i.e., for j=1, j=4 and j=5) to determine which will provide the best metrics for the given subband. In this case, the UE 202 may determine that j=4 will result in the best precoder for the given subband. In these embodiments, the UE 202 may feed back the subband W₂ PMI j=4. The subband CQI will therefore be conditioned on the interpolated subband precoder from wideband W₂ PMI i=1 and subband W₂ PMI j=4.

In these embodiments, with the subband precoder being interpolated based on the wideband W₂ PMI i and the subband W₂ PMI j, the CSI quantization error for the given subband may be effectively halved when a highly correlated channel is considered and the speed of the UE 202 is low.

Since one subband W₂ PMI should be sent for each subband in PUSCH 3-2 to reduce quantization error, the subband PMI overhead reduction becomes a valid consideration. Two kinds of subband W₂ PMI reduction embodiments can be defined.

In a first embodiment, a 2-bits subband W₂ differential PMI to signal the subband W₂ may be defined. These 2-bits subband W₂ differential PMI may be sufficient to describe the top four candidates from the LTE release 8 codebook to perform subband precoder interpolation.

For 4Tx, the subband W₂ differential PMI may be defined using the following tables:

TABLE 6-4 4Tx Rank one Subband W₂ differential PMI Wideband W₂ PMI index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Subband 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 W₂ 1 7 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 1 0 1 0 4 5 5 4 differential 2 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 0 3 2 3 2 7 6 6 7 PMI index 3 9 8 11 10 8 9 10 11 7 4 5 6 8 9 10 11

TABLE 6-5 4Tx Rank two Subband W₂ differential PMI Wideband W₂ PMI index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Subband 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 W₂ 1 1 0 1 0 5 4 0 0 1 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 differential 2 3 2 3 2 10 10 9 9 3 2 5 5 1 1 1 1 PMI index 3 6 8 9 8 11 11 10 10 9 6 6 6 3 2 2 3

TABLE 6-6 4Tx Rank 3 Subband W₂ differential PMI Wideband W₂ PMI index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Subband 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 W₂ 1 1 0 9 0 7 6 5 4 9 2 1 2 6 4 7 5 differential 2 3 10 11 10 1 1 0 2 11 8 3 8 5 7 4 6 PMI index 3 6 6 7 12 8 11 11 11 6 12 7 6 1 1 1 1

In a second embodiment, the granularity for each subband W₂ PMI may be reduced such that one subband W₂ will correspond to N neighboring subbands. N for example may be two. An example of this was illustrated in FIG. 6E. The precoder for two neighboring subbands may be interpolated based on the subband W₂ PMI for those two subbands and the wideband W₂ PMI.

Although the eNB 102 (FIG. 1) and the UE 202 (FIG. 2) are illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements of the eNB 102 and the UE 202 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, the eNB 102 and the UE 202 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device.

The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method performed by a serving enhanced Node B (eNB) for precoding symbols for multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) beamforming in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) broadband wireless access network, the method comprising: configuring user equipment (UE) for an eight transmit antenna (8-TX) reporting mode; receiving, from the UE, first and second precoding-matrix indicator (PMI) reports on an uplink channel, each PMI report selected for a four transmit antenna (4-TX) codebook to represent a single subband precoder matrix of an 8-TX codebook; computing the single subband precoder matrix of the 8-TX codebook from both the PMI reports, the single subband precoder matrix defining an 8-TX precoder; and precoding symbols for MIMO beamforming using the 8-TX precoder for an OFDMA downlink transmission, wherein each of the first and second PMI reports include a PMI associated with a same subband of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), the PDSCH being a multi-subband channel between the serving eNB and the UE, and wherein each of the PMIs corresponds to a precoding matrix of the same 4-TX codebook.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first PMI report includes a first subband PMI, wherein the second PMI report includes a second subband PMI.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second subband PMIs are selected by the UE to jointly describe the same subband of a downlink channel, and wherein the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI correspond to precoding matrices selected by the UE from the same 4-TX codebook.
 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first and second PMI reports are received from the UE by the eNB on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein precoding comprises precoding symbols for transmission of an OFDMA multi-user (MU) MIMO (MU-MIMO) transmission to a plurality of UEs using the computed single subband precoder matrix generated for each UE.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the receiving comprises receiving two PMI reports for every two consecutive subbands of a plurality of subbands, and wherein computing comprises computing a precoding matrix for each subband by interpolation of precoding matrices indicated in two PMI reports for each subband.
 7. A method performed by a serving enhanced Node B (eNB) for precoding symbols for multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) beamforming in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) broadband wireless access network, the method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), first and second precoding-matrix indicator (PMI) reports on an uplink channel; computing a single subband precoder matrix from both the PMI reports; and precoding symbols for MIMO beamforming using the computed single subband precoder matrix for an OFDMA downlink transmission, wherein each of the first and second PMI reports include a PMI associated with a same subband of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), the PDSCH being a multi-subband channel between the serving eNB and the UE, wherein each of the PMIs corresponds to a precoding matrix of a same codebook, the first PMI re ort including a first subband PMI the second PMI report including a second subband PMI, wherein the second subband PMI is selected by the UE after selecting the first subband PMI by searching candidate precoder matrices that when combined with a precoder matrix indicated by the first subband PMI, results in a more accurate precoder for the same subband of the single channel between the serving eNB and the UE, wherein computing the single subband precoder matrix comprises performing an interpolation on corresponding vectors of precoder matrices indicated by the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI, the interpolation including weighting and combining the corresponding vectors of the precoder matrices to generate an interpolated precoding matrix corresponding to the single subband recoder matrix, wherein the first subband PMI and the second subband PMI correspond to precoding matrices selected from a same codebook that is based on a matrix of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) vectors, wherein when both the first and second subband PMIs indicate DFT vectors, vectors of the interpolated precoding matrix are generated from a weighted average of phases of the DFT vectors, and wherein when either the first and second subband PMIs do not indicate a DFT vector, each element of the vectors of the interpolated precoding matrix is generated from a weighted average of phases of corresponding elements of the vectors.
 8. User Equipment (LIE) comprising: processing circuitry; and transmitter circuitry configured to transmit in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the processing circuitry and transmitter circuitry operate as part of a physical layer (PHY) and arranged to: perform aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reporting using the PUSCH, the aperiodic CSI reporting including feedback of a channel-quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a corresponding rank indicator (RI) on the PUSCH using one of a plurality of PUSCH CSI reporting modes, wherein when the UE is configured for PUSCH CSI reporting mode 3-2 (PUSCH 3-2), the UE is arranged to: select a preferred precoding matrix for each subband of a set of subbands based on a transmission in the corresponding subband; report one wideband CQI value per codeword of a precoder codebook for the set of subbands; report a single PMI for each subband, each reported single PMI being associated with the selected preferred precoding matrix for a corresponding subband; and report one subband CQI value per codeword for each subband, the reported subband CQI value reflecting transmission over a single subband using the selected preferred precoding matrix in the corresponding subband.
 9. The UE of claim 8 wherein the UE is arranged to differentially encode the subband CQI value for each codeword with respect to the wideband CQI value.
 10. The UE of claim 8 wherein the UE is arranged to differentially encode the subband CQI value for each codeword with respect to the wideband CQI value using two-bits.
 11. The UE of claim 9 wherein the UE is further arranged to: calculate the wideband CQI value per codeword using a corresponding selected precoding matrix in each subband based on a transmission on the set of the subbands; and calculate the reported PMI and CQI values based on a reported RI, wherein the CQI values represent channel quality, wherein the PMI indicates a precoding matrix to be used by a serving eNB for a given channel condition and refers to a codebook table; and wherein the RI indicates a number of transmission layers for a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) channel.
 12. A method performed by User Equipment (UE) to transmitting in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the method comprising: performing aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reporting using the PUSCH, the aperiodic CSI reporting including feedback of a channel-quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a corresponding rank indicator (RI) on the PUSCH using one of a plurality of PUSCH CSI reporting modes, wherein when the UE is configured for PUSCH CSI reporting mode 3-2 (PUSCH 3-2), the method further comprises: selecting a preferred precoding matrix for each subband of a set of subbands based on a transmission in the corresponding subband; reporting one wideband CQI value per codeword of a precoder codebook for the set of subbands; reporting a single PMI for each subband, each reported single PMI being associated with the selected preferred precoding matrix for a corresponding subband; and reporting one subband CQI value per codeword for each subband, the reported subband CQI value reflecting transmission over a single subband using the selected preferred precoding matrix in the corresponding subband.
 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising differentially encoding the subband CQI value for each codeword with respect to the wideband CQI value prior to reporting.
 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising: calculating the wideband CQI value per codeword using a corresponding selected precoding matrix in each subband based on a transmission on the set of the subbands; and calculating the reported PMI and CQI values based on a reported RI, wherein the CQI values represent channel quality, wherein the PMI indicates a precoding matrix to be used by a serving eNB for a given channel condition and refers to a codebook table; and wherein the RI indicates a number of transmission layers for a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) channel.
 15. An enhanced Node B (eNB) configured for multi-user multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) broadband wireless access network, the eNB comprising processing circuitry and memory configured to: receive aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reports over the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from user equipment (UE), the aperiodic CSI reports including feedback of a channel-quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a corresponding rank indicator (RI) on the PUSCH using one of a plurality of PUSCH CSI reporting modes; and configure the UE for PUSCH CSI reporting mode 3-2 (PUSCH 3-2), and when the UE is configured for PUSCH CSI reporting mode 3-2, the eNB further configured to: receive reporting of one wideband CQI value per codeword of a precoder codebook for a set of subbands, a preferred precoding matrix for each subband of the set of subbands being selected by the UE based on a transmission from the eNB in the corresponding subband; receive reporting of a single PMI for each subband, each reported single PMI being associated with the selected preferred precoding matrix for a corresponding subband; and receive reporting of one subband CQI value per codeword for each subband, the reported subband CQI value reflecting transmission over a single subband using the selected preferred precoding matrix in the corresponding subband.
 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an enhanced Node B (eNB) to perform operations to configure the eNB for multi-user multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network, the instructions to configured the one or more processors to: receive aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reports over the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from user equipment (UE), the aperiodic CSI reports including feedback of a channel-quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a corresponding rank indicator (RI) on the PUSCH using one of a plurality of PUSCH CSI reporting modes; and configure the UE for PUSCH CSI reporting mode 3-2 (PUSCH 3-2), and when the LIE is configured for PUSCH CSI reporting mode 3-2, the eNB is further configured to: receive reporting of one wideband CQI value per codeword of a precoder codebook for a set of subbands, a preferred precoding matrix for each subband of the set of subbands being selected by the UE based on a transmission from the eNB in the corresponding subband; receive reporting of a single MI for each subband, each reported single PMI being associated with the selected preferred precoding matrix for a corresponding subband; and receive reporting of one subband CQI value per codeword for each subband, the reported subband CQI value reflecting transmission over a single subband using the selected preferred precoding matrix in the corresponding subband. 